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FIDIC合同不可抗力规定的适用

FIDIC合同不可抗力规定的适用 (2011-12-01 13:23:47)

标签: fidic合同 不可抗力 适用 杂谈 分类: 国际工程律师与FIDIC合同律师

 

FIDIC合同不可抗力规定的适用

 作者:朱中华律师(北京)

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邮件:mrzzhu@sina.com

电话:13522935712

 

    在国际工程中不可抗力发生的概率一般不大,但是一旦发生,后果往往非常严重,甚至是毁灭性的。利比亚战争就是一个明显的例证。因此,作者对此进行简要分析,供大家参考。

    一、FIDIC 合同关于不可抗力定义的规定

    对于不可抗力,FIDIC合同通用条件第19.1[Definition of Force Majeure]规定了不可抗力的定义并且列举了不可抗力的典型情形。该款规定,“In this Clause, Force Majeuremeans an exceptional event or circumstance:

    awhich is beyond a Partys control,

    bwhich such Party could not reasonably have provided against before entering into the Contract.

    cWhich, having arisen, such Party could not reasonably have avoided or overcome, and

    dwhich is not substantially attributable to the other Party.

Force Majeure may include, but is not limited to, exceptional events or circumstances of the kind listed below, so long as conditions (a) to (d) above are satisfied:

        iwar, hostilities (whether war be declared or not), invasion, act of foreign enemies,

        iirebellion, terrorism, revolution, insurrection, military or usurped power, or civil war,

        iiiriot, commotion, disorder, strike or lockout by persons other than the Contractors Personnel and other employees of the Contractor and Subcontractors,

        ivmunitions of war, explosive materials, ionising radiation or contamination by radio-activity, except as may be attributable to the Contractors use of such munitions, explosives, radiation or radio-activity, and

        vnatural catastrophes such as earthquake, hurricane, typhoon or volcanic activity.

     根据该款的规定,在FIDIC 合同中,“不可抗力”系指符合以下4个要件的某种异常的事件或情况,只要满足上述4项条件,即构成不可抗力。

    a) 当事人一方无法控制;

    b) 该方在签订合同前,不能对之进行合理准备;

    c) 发生后,该方不能合理避免或克服;

    d) 不能主要归因于他方。

    本款还列举了不可抗力5种最常见的情形:

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